背景资料：Parkin, a RING-type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, is involved in the ubiquitination pathway and contributes to protection from neurotoxicity induced by unfolded protein stresses. Its ubiquitin–protein ligase activity promotes the degradation of a viariety of proteins including itself. Mutations in Parkin are implicated in the pathogenesis of autosomal recessive familial Parkinson’s disease. It has 8 isoforms produced by alternative splicing.